(3) Better Fuel Efficiency The concept of wide spacing makes it possible to achieve a stratified mixture, enabling the GDI engine to offer stable, ultra-lean combustion, allowing a significant improvement in fuel efficiency. In addition to ultra-lean combustion, the GDI engine achieves a higher compression ratio because of its anti-knocking characteristic and precise control of injection timing. These features contribute to a drastically lower fuel consumption. The GDI engine improves fuel economy by 33% in the Japanese 10-15 mode driving cycle which represents typical urban driving conditions.